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Prävention berufsbedingter Handekzeme durch Hautschutzmaßnahmen — Ergebnisse einer betrieblichen Interventionsstudie

Objectives: Occupational contact dermatitis takes the first rank of all occupational diseases in many countries and the true incidence of work-related hand eczema is under-reported. In the prevention of occupational contact dermatitis the use of personal skin protection measures is strongly recommended. However, there is a lack of intervention field studies to demonstrate its efficacy. Therefore we conducted a field study with dermatological examinations in a metal-working plant where workers were exposed to irritant substances, and investigated the efficacy of an established skin protection programme. Methods: First, a professional dermatological appraisal of the current status and a skin-protection analysis were carried out for 180 company employees, and a dermatological evaluation of each workplace from the aspect of prevention was conducted. Using the information obtained, a skin protection programme for the whole company was devised and subsequently set up. The focus was on selecting an appropriate skin protection programme comprising skin protection, skin cleaning and skin care, together with instruction on skin protection, i. e. providing relevant information, instruction and advice to senior managers and the staff. The project therefore entailed close co-operation between the company physician and the safety officer. Results: At the beginning of the study 26 % of the employees were found to have skin problems related to the work they were doing. In 50 % of the cases skin protection was never or only rarely used, the right kind of skin protection almost never being applied. There was no skin protection programme that met today’s professional dermatological requirements, or, at the most, merely the first signs of one. After the programme had been set up and suitable instruction and information given, there was a follow-up observation period of eight months, during which several professional dermatological examinations of the employees were carried out and further instruction (individual prevention) was given. In the final examination only 8.7 % of the employees were found to have skin problems related to the work they were doing. Conclusions: All in all, it was demonstrated that the prevalence of occupationally-related hand eczema can be significantly reduced by setting up and providing instruction in a skin protection concept matched to the hazards the skin is exposed to at work. Additionally, valuable knowledge and experience were gained in implementing industrial skin protection programmes.