Springe auf Hauptinhalt Springe auf Hauptmenü Springe auf SiteSearch

Expositionsstudie zur Ototoxizität von Styrol in arbeitsplatzrelevanten Konzentrationen und in Verbindung mit Lärm

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine with new and specific methods potential ototoxic effects caused by exposure to workplace concentrations of styrene. In addition, it aimed to investigate whether simultaneous exposure to noise increased any adverse effects on hearing. Collective and Methods: 21 healthy male volunteers between 21 and 34 years old were examined. The persons were exposed to styrene for six hours daily on three consecutive days each week during two consecutive weeks. In the first week the persons were exposed to styrene alone, in the second week also to industrial noise up to 85 dB(A) via earphones for three hours each day. Styrene concentrations in air of 0 ppm, 20 ppm and 50 ppm were used. The individual styrene exposure was measured by biomonitoring (styrene in blood, mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) in urine). Hearing loss was screened by audiometry (0.125 to 8 kHz), high frequency audiometry (9 to 16 kHz) and transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). The differences between measured hearing thresholds over the day and over the week were analysed. The corrected TEAOE amplitude, signal to noise ratio (SNR), frequency weighted amplitude, as well as the reproducibility were determined and the differences over the day and over the week analysed. Results: Exposure to the maximum styrene concentration of 50 ppm for 6 hours is associated with mean blood concentrations of 815 and 850 μg/l. The average concentrations of MA and PGA in urine at the end of the exposures amounted to 751 ± 206 mg/g creatinine and 693 ± 201 mg/g creatinine, resp. The styrene exposures were not associated with consistent changes in the audiological parameters, neither for the thresholds nor for TEOAE. The noise exposure caused a significant but reversible (by the next day) temporary threshold shift with a maximum of 4.5 dB at the frequency of 3 kHz. The combined styrene and noise exposure was associated with a similar threshold shift which did not exceed the threshold shift caused by noise alone. The TEOAE parameter showed no significant differences, neither after exposure to styrene nor to noise. Conclusions: Exposure to maximum styrene concentrations in air of 50 ppm over a time period of 6 hours is not associated with ototoxic effects measurable with high frequency audiometry and TEAOE. This also applies to exposure to a combination of styrene and noise.