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Systematische Literaturstudie zum Zusammenhang zwischen UV-Strahlung und Grauem Star beim Menschen

Aim of the study: The epidemiological literature on the relationship between cataracts and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation was analysed in a review sponsored by the WHO in 1994 (Environmental Health Criteria 160. Geneva, 1994. Pp. 193—207). The authors of the WHO report concluded that limited evidence exists to link cortical and posterior-subcapsular (PSC) cataracts to chronic ocular UV-B exposure and that there is inadequate evidence to link PSC cataracts to chronic (ambient) UV-B exposure. The purpose of this study was to update the results of the WHO report by reviewing recent articles published after 1994 using the criteria of the WHO report for classification of studies. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for articles about epidemiological studies related to ultraviolet radiation and cataracts. Geographical correlation studies and studies that do not discriminate between different types of lens opacities were excluded. Nine articles based on eight studies were selected for further evaluation. Results: Only three studies assess ocular UV-B exposure. They consistently find a weak relationship between exposure and cortical cataracts. Five studies assess only proxies for individual ambient UV exposure, e. g. outdoor occupation (yes/no). They find weak relationships between most, but not all of the exposure factors and cortical cataracts. None of the eight studies reveal significant relationships between nuclear cataracts and UV exposure. The results for PSC are contradictory. Conclusions: On the basis of recent studies the evidence for a link between cortical cataracts and chronic ocular UV-B exposure can now be regarded as sufficient. However, recommendations for new rules regarding the awarding of compensation are not justifiable at present. The other evaluations of the WHO report from 1994 need not be modified.